1965
In 1965, WIMS continued to work on building bridges of understanding, but it employed new methods appropriate to the political and social changes that had taken place as compliance with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 became more widespread. Eight teams of forty-seven women went to Jackson and other communities, including Philadelphia, Greenville, Greenwood, Mt. Beulah, Lexington, Edwards, and Oxford. Polly Cowan arranged “professional interchanges,” again between northern and southern, black and white women of various faiths, matching them by occupation. Most were teachers, but the teams also included social workers, librarians, psychologists, and a doctor. Additionally, WIMS helped track compliance with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by reporting abuses to national enforcement agencies.
The women did not maintain the same schedules as their fellow teammates because each group had different needs, but they did meet to hold debriefing sessions together upon their return. In 1965 all of the team members were welcomed into southern women’s homes.
The Demographics of the 1965 Team Members:
- 31 were white, 16 were black
- 10 were southern born: 3 black, 7 white
- 31 were Protestant, 9 were Jewish, 4 were Catholic, 3 were undesignated
- 10 held bachelor’s degrees
- 11 had earned master’s degrees
- 2 had earned Doctor of Philosophy degrees
- 1 had earned her degree as a medical doctor
- 37 were employed at the time. Of those:
14 ere teachers or professors
4 were community relations or inter-group specialists
4 were social workers
2 were researchers
2 were psychologists
1 was a librarian
1 worked in business
1 was a pediatrician
1 was a beautician
1 was an author
1 was a household worker
1 was a consultant
1 worked in a state penal system - 11 served on state and local Human Rights or Civil Rights Councils
The memberships of these team members included:
- Alpha Kappa Alpha (AKA)
- Delta Sigma Theta
- Hadassah
- League of Women Voters
- Medical and Nursing Associations
- National Association for Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
- National Council of Catholic Women (NCCW)
- National Council of Churches (NCC)
- National Council of Jewish Women (NCJW)
- National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)
- National Urban League
- Phi Delta Kappa
- United Church Women
- United Jewish Appeal
- United Nations Association
- Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom
- Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA)
1965 WIMS Team Members
From “Wednesdays in Mississippi 1964-1965 Final Report”
Special Team of Art Teachers – Cambridge
Rita Delisi
Artist, Teacher, Director of PROJECT, Inc.
Mary Austin
Artist, Teacher, Teacher at PROJECT, Inc.
Laura Avery
Teacher, Teacher at PROJECT, Inc.
Marla Higgins
Art Teacher
Team #1 – New York City
Polly Cowan
Chairman, Wednesday in Mississippi Project
Ellen Dammond
Training Supervisor, B. Altman & Company
Carol Guyer
Chairman, Contemporary Arts Committee, Asia Society Trustee,
Experiment in International Living
Dr. Molly Harrower
Psychologist and Author
Ellen Tarry
Intergroup Relations Specialist with Federal Houston and Home Finance Agency
Gladys Zales
Chairman on the Purchasing Department of Hadassah
Team #2 – Philadelphia
Jean Dillinger
Chairman, Christian World Missions, United Church Women
Margery Gross
Assistant Director, Wednesdays in Mississippi
Dr. Anne Keller
Associate, Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania
Marjorie Penney
Director, Fellowship House and Fellowship Farm
Henrietta Smith
Social Worker
Helen P. Stanford
Psychiatric Social Worker, Planned Parenthood
Team #3 – New Jersey
Esther Higgs Cooke
Elementary Teacher, Special Service School, New York City
Blanche Goldstein
Beautician, Teacher
Josie Harbison
Wife of Professor of Economics, Dir. of Industrial Relations Princeton University
Dr. Hannah Levin
Associate Professor of Psychology, Rutgers University
Sue Miller
Remedial Reading Teacher
Loran Scheibe
Wife of Director of the Bach Aria Group
Team #4 – Chicago
Marguerite Cassell
Wife of an Executive at Inland Stell company
Dorothy Dawson
Teacher in the Chicago Public High Schools
Diana Guyer
Wife of the Assistant to the President of the Pacific Coast Stock Exchange
Elizabeth Haselden
Teacher, National Chairman of Christian Social Relations, United Church Women
Buddy Mayer
Wife of President of Rothschild Enterprises
Dorothy Jones Singleton
Pre-school Director at Firman Houston
Selma Taub
Teacher in Pre-school Center for Disadvantaged Children
Team #5 – Washington/Virginia
Virginia Bushrod
Household Worker
Bee Foster
Chairman, Christian Education Episcopal Churchwomen, Diocese of Virginia
Jean Frey
Chairman of Resolutions Committee, National Assembly United Church Women
Jane McClary
Author
Flaxie Pinkett
President, John R. Pinkett, Inc., Real Estate and Insurance Firm
Mildred Pitt
Community Relations Service, Department of Commerce
Team #6 – Philadelphia
Ruth Bacon
Nursery School Teacher
Gertrude Barnes
Teacher of Retarded Educable Children
Rae Cohn
National Board Member, Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom
Marjorie Duckery
Social Worker, President, Citizen’s Committee on Public Educcation
Shirley Lipsey
Teacher, Omaha Project AID
Team #7 – Boston
Betty Barnes
Freelance Researcher and Writer
Mary Cannady
Social Worker, Director of District Office of Family Service of Philadelphia
Rae Dudley
Teacher; Wife of Honorable Edward Dudley, Judge, Supreme Court of New York
Faith Griefen
Wife of Senior Vice President of Cabot, Cabot and Forbes
Frances Perkins
Lecturer on Pre-school Education at Tufts and Brandeis Universities
Guest Perry
Librarian
Frances Tillson
Wife of Treasurer, Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts